The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of physique, physical fitness and the basketball skill on the game ability in the elementary school basketball players. Subjects are 39 players from 9 to 11 years old( 4 to 6 grade) in the elementary school. Measurement variables are 29 items (14 items in physique , 11 items in physical fitness and 4 items in basketball skill). The basketball ability(offence, defense and mental power ) of each player was made from the basketball coach meeting ( 5 man; 5 years above career of the elementary school basketball team). The mean and standard deviation, the principal factor analysis, correlation of Pearson and the multiple regression equation in the stepwise method are applied to analyze. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. From the principal factor analysis, there are revealed the 8 factors that named physique(32.63% of total dispersion), power(12.37%), basketball skill(11.01%), height-leg ratio, WHR , reaction time , agility and flexibility. 2. The representation variavles of each 8 factors are selected; body weight, standing geight jump, dribble lay-up shot, height-leg ratio, WHR , hole body select reaction time, side step and sitting trunk flexion, The correlation among these items is low. 3. From the multiple regression equation in the stepwise method, 3 variables(side step, standing high jump and body weight) are selected, and the prediction equations are determined accoriding to the power by each variables. This regression equations are changed to acquired factor score by considering M SD