This study is intended to investigate what effect creative drama using picture books had on the imagination and pro - social behavior of children. The subjects are 38 children aged 4 from the 2nd class in 2 private kindergartens located in Chungnam. The test group included 19 children aged 4 from A Kindergarten (male: 11, female: 8) and the control group included 19 children aged 4 from B Kindergarten (male: 12, female: 7). The average age of children was 59.6 months. A test tool that Jang Yeonju(2008) s study used the story writing activity evaluation tool developed by Chae Miyeong(2003) to test the children s imagination, and the pro - social behavior test tool that Lee Wonyeong, park Chanok, and Noh Yeonghee(1993) modified/adapted the Skill situation measure made by McGinnis and Goldstein(1990) to measure the pro - social skill were used. The test was carried out for 10 weeks from June 17th, 2015(Wed) to August 27th, 2015(Thu) and conducted once every week, 2 - 3 days, for total 10 times. The frequency and percentage of the test group and control group were calculated to investigate the difference of imagination. Second, the average and standard deviation of the advance/posthumous test result between the test group and control group to examine the effect on the pro - social behavior, and the independent sample t - test was conducted by means of SPSS/for Windows 21 program for the increment of average. The result of this study is as follows. First, it was revealed creative drama using picture books had a positive effect on the children s imagination improvement. Second, as for the children s pro - social behavior, the score of the test group which carried out creative drama using picture books was higher than one of the control group, and showed a statistically significant difference(< .05). To examine by subordinate elements, it was revealed the individual emotion control ability did not have a significant difference(> .05), there was a significant difference in the interpersonal relation forming ability and the kindergarten adaptability(< .05). Therefore, it turned out creative drama using picture books had a positive effect on the children s pro - social behavior improvement. It did not influence the improvement of the individual emotion control ability, a component of the pro - social behavior, and it had a positive effect on the interpersonal relation forming ability and the kindergarten adaptability.