Hunminjeongeum is at once a name of an alphabet system and a title of a book. While hunminjeongeum has been the official name for the new alphabet since Sejong created it, more commonly it was called as eonmun [mening ‘vernacular script’] till even the modern era. Among people, outside of that, there were more names to call it such as am-geul [women’s character], joonggeul [shaveling’s character], a-haet-mal[children’s words], a-haegeul [children’s character], ect. As said in Sejong Sillok [Annals of King Sejong], Sejong himself used the name eonmun as equal meaning as hunminjeongeum , and the character became used more broadly than the Chinese character, the major letter of the establishment. Nevertheless eonmun used to be recognized, indeed, as a character of the subjugated class, or of women. It is generally said that eonmun was a common name encompassing the aspect of the character in everyday life, while hunminjeongeum the official name. However the intention here is to examine the social and political structure in which the different names for the same character were each used in conflicting nuances and concepts. So this essay deals with the motive for the creation of hunminjeongeum , in focusing the social background where the other names were variously used and linked with certain classes each and especially the name eonmun survived the longest to the period of the Japanese occupation. Firstly by looking into the democratic ruling principle, the basic political idea of the Confucianism in Chosun dynasty, the fact that the creation of the new alphabet system began from the democratic idea of Sejong and his reforming policy for the people[hunmin ] is to be examined. For that we need to pay attention to the mode of existence of min [people] at that time --who are described as ‘ignorant subjects’ in the book hunminjeongeum -- and the view on the letter and the political awareness Sadaebu [nobility], the establishment, had then. keywords eonmun , the reforming policy for the people, the reformation of the ignorant subjects, the mode of existence of min [people], the establishment’s view on the letter