As today is aging society, there is a growing need for welfare services for the elderly living alone is increasing. This study has its purpose of composing better social welfare programs for the elderly living alone. To find main factors that affect the problem drinking, first, we need to examine what the actual conditions of the problem drinking are, and how the conditions are different according to some general criterions. After that, we can verify the factors of personal, psychological and social environment. For this, I visited welfare facility for the elderly, and interviewed 301 people older than 65 by using structured questionnaires. The survey period took place from October 4th through 15th, and the collected data was processed as descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis using PASW 18.0. In short, the analysis results are as follows. First of all, the average problem drinking level of the surveyed elderly indicated 7.31(SD=4.76), which means they have some probability of problem drinking. Secondly, in an investigation on about the influence of the personality upon factor of problem drinking in the elderly living alone, gender and education level and religion showed meaningful differences(𝒙=55.885, p<.001). In other words, Problem drinking is lower for those who are female, for those who have higher educational backgrounds and have a religion. Thirdly, in the category of psychological factors, it was not statistically significant. Fourthly, in the social environmental factors, the drinking companions make meaningful differences(𝒙=79.027, p<.001). In other words, it is less likely for those who have drinking companions to be exposed to the danger of problem drinking. In this study, statistically it was shown that personal and social environment factors have a significant influence on the problem drinking. The practical implication which above results suggest is that, by increasing drinking partner that has the biggest influence on the Problem drinking, it can be controlled in the level of welfare programs, and by fostering the Elderly's participation in the social activities, we can decrease the Problem drinking. These finding can be applied to develop the prevention program of Elderly alcohol abuse. Key words : Elderly Living Alone, Problem Drinking, Stress, Depression, Drinking Motives, Drinking Companions