This study collected and comparatively analyzed physical education, curriculums, related books, textbooks, and research literature in Korea and Japan to find implications for elementary physical education. The results of the curriculum analysis are as follows. First, the composition of the curriculum should be organized so that it can be consistently developed with detailed explanations such as characteristics, goals, content, learning methods and assessments. Second, the contents of the curriculum should be presented according to levels, environments, and subject, and mutual cooperation between different subjects is required. The results of the textbook analysis are as follows. First, the composition of textbooks should be based on systematically organized study guidelines including various motivations, step-by-step activities, and a conclusion that unifies activities and assessments. Second, the contents of the textbook need to use various rhythms to develop into activities appropriate to the subject, and to improve personality and creativity. Third, it is necessary to help students create themselves and to continuously advise teachers to create diverse and creative activities. Fourth, every grade needs to experience folk dance to understand and enjoy the excellence of traditional culture and art.