This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal transition of latent classes of college students’ academic achievement using the 7th to 9th year panel dataset of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS) 2005 and to examine the predictors of latent classes of college students’ academic achievement. For this purpose, the study conducted latent classes analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis using data of 1,422 college students. The results of the study are as follows. First, the latent classes of college students’ academic achievement were three groups: upper, middle, and lower. Second, the results of the latent transition analysis showed that the change and stability of academic achievement remained more than 90% in the group of academic achievement and the middle group, and more than 60% of the lower group were transferred to more than the middle group. Next, as a result of analyzing the factors affecting academic achievement according to the academic achievement group at the 9th year, senior in university, it was confirmed that college belonging, college adaptation, and college climate were important predictors of academic achievement in the high level group and middle level group of academic achievement, and college adaptation had predictive effects in the middle level group and the low level group of academic achievement. The results of this study suggest that although the academic achievement level of college students is improved steadily as the grade increases, it may be necessary to provide other educational support according to the potential group to increase the academic achievement of college students.