The core of Japan's public library concept is resident-friendly learning commons. You can have lifelong learning opportunities by using local public libraries, and through these opportunities, learning and activities in the local community work in a cyclical way, promoting self-realization, growth, and community formation. In this study, we will also consider the direction of library operation by citizen cooperation utilizing the public approach that occurs around the operation of public libraries. We analyzed the cases of establishment of public libraries in Setouchi City and Natori City, where local residents agreed to establish a library with a new direction. As a result of the analysis, the following directions were found in the basic concept for a resident-friendly learning commons library. First, the municipal library aims to be a space of knowledge and information. Second, the city library aims to be a space that provides counseling and solutions. Third, the city library aims to be a space that provides learning opportunities. Fourth, the city library aims to be a space for talking and creating knowledge. Fifth, the city library aims to be a space for expression and knowledge sharing.