This study aimed to present a music drama unit for fifth and sixth graders in elementary school in order to provide a musical opportunity to pursue and transfer an enduring understanding of music. The music drama units of the school textbooks and teaching guides of elementary music and current 2015 revised elementary music curriculum were analyzed. To this end, based on the backward design template, a unit for music drama was developed. The structured unit boils down on identifying desired outcomes, determining acceptable evidence, and planning the learning experience. The results of applying this study to the school class are as follows. From the beginning of the unit, the essential questions were posted on the classroom bulletin board, and the students were immersed in the important questions while performing the task and tried to find answers. When the performance evaluation task was provided in the first session of the unit and the evaluation criteria were provided, the students clearly recognized the goal and activities of the class and became more focused on the class. Students evaluated their level of understanding by self-assessment, mutual evaluation, and writing in a learning journal according to the performance task and reflected on their thinking process. Through the performance of the musical unit, students were able to expand their understandings and transfer their performance by structuring and applying what they already knew. Through the students' performance task evaluation, it was easy for teachers to check students' understandings and to provide appropriate feedback to each student.