In this study, we identified the effects of character strengths and social support on the parenting efficacy of mothers with school-age children. To achieve this, 230 mothers of elementary school children in S City and C City participated in a survey on character strengths, social support, and parenting efficacy scales. A correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were then conducted. First, wisdom, knowledge, transcendence, and courage, among the sub-level of character strength, influenced parenting efficacy, and hope, insight, creativity, authenticity, judgment, and appreciation, among the detailed character strengths, had a significant impact on parenting efficacy. Second, emotional support and evaluation support were significant variables affecting parenting efficacy as social support sub-factors. Third, among the sub-factors of personality strength and social support, emotional support was the main factor affecting parenting efficacy, in the order of wisdom and knowledge, courage, evaluation support, and information support. The results of this study are meaningful in highlighting effective character strengths to develop and providing basic data to strengthen social support that may enhance the parenting efficacy of school-age mothers, Finally, the implications and limitations of the study are discussed.