This study was a preliminary study to develop the Desert Island Drawing Test, and to identify its relationship with adolescent’ problem-solving ability. The subjects of the study were 200 adolescents in the first through third year classes in middle school. As research tools, the Desert Island Drawing Test and Problem-Solving Ability Test were used, and the tests were conducted from October 2018 to July 2019. For data analysis, correlation analysis and one-way variance analysis were performed, and Scheffe-Test was conducted as a post verification. The results are as follow. First, in the desert island drawings, clothes appeared most, and water, fire, tools (e.g., knife, scissors), houses, and food were expressed. Second, the relationship between the evaluation index of the desert island drawing and the problem-solving ability was r= .29 to .67, and the use of tools was the most related to the problem-solving ability among the evaluation indicators. Third, as a result of examining the difference in problem-solving ability according to the evaluation index of the desert island drawing, it was found that there was a significant difference in problem-solving ability in all 11 indicators. Therefore, the Desert Island Drawing Test has the potential to be used as a projective drawing test tool to check the problem-solving ability of adolescents.