The objective of this study is to investigate the operational challenges faced by school-based Teacher Learning Communities(TLC) after the implementation of the policy to creditize teachers' professional development, by qualitative meta-analysis approach. We conducted a qualitative meta-analysis by analyzing eight research that focus on cases of school-based Teacher Learning Communities(TLC) within unit schools. As a result, three challenges were found in the category of ‘community members’: (1) teacher’s reluctance or a passive attitude toward participation (2) the absence of leader teachers (3) conflicts among community members. Furthermore, in the dimension of ’community operation‘, the challenges are as follows: (1) a lack of ’depth’ of learning content (2) an operational problem. At the ‘school and office of education level’, the followings were identified: (1) conservative school culture (2) a lack of administrative support. To address these challenges, discussions were held regarding the future directions for improving school-based Teacher Learning Communities(TLC) within unit schools, considering aspects such as the perspective of community members, community operation, and the role of school organizations and educational authorities.