The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, relatedness satisfaction, which are the sub-factors of basic psychological need satisfaction and basic psychological need satisfaction, in the relationship between job resources and self-leadership perceived by middle school teachers. To this end, job resource, self-leadership, and basic psychological need satisfaction tests were conducted for 301 teachers of 16 middle schools in the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education. Correlation analysis was conducted to find out the relationship between variables, and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of satisfaction of basic psychological need and the sub-factors. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, there is a correlation among job resources, satisfaction of basic psychological need, each sub-factor of satisfaction of basic psychological need, and self-leadership perceived by middle school teachers. Second, in the relationship between job resources and self-leadership perceived by middle school teachers, satisfaction of basic psychological need has a partial mediating effect. Third, in the relationship between job resources and self-leadership perceived by middle school teachers, satisfaction of autonomy, satisfaction of competence, and satisfaction of relationship have partial mediating effects. These results suggest that teachers' self-leadership can be improved in the school field by increasing the satisfaction of middle school teachers' basic psychological need by building job resources for middle school teachers.