This study analyzes the key changes in the 2022 revised elementary social studies curriculum focusing on the behaviors of households and firms as economic agents and explores corresponding teaching strategies. A content analysis of the statements of achievement standards in the 2015 and 2022 revised elementary social studies curricula revealed that the 3rd and 4th grade group emphasizes the concept of rational choice, rooted in scarcity and decision-making, and the 5th and 6th grade group focuses on the interrelationship between economic agents and introduces new concepts such as "freedom of enterprise," "labor rights," and "corporate social responsibility." Based on these findings, this study proposes teaching strategies addressing rational choices by households and firms, the relationships between economic agents, and corporate social responsibility. This study suggests: first, it is necessary to design inquiry activities in elementary schools related to the rational consumption of households, incorporating budget constraints, products with the same price, and opportunity costs; second, the rational decision-making of firms should move beyond interest-driven activities to focus on profit-seeking and production activities centered on resource utilization; and third, teaching corporate social responsibility as a concept that integrates long-term profit-making with societal contributions.