Complementary and alternative medicine has become increasingly popular in the South Korea during the last 5-10 years. The use is most oral and topical supplements which are based on or include several botanical ingredients. One of known botanical ingredients is peppermint which has long histories of traditional or folk medicine usage. The purpose of our review is to validate the clinically applicable possibility of peppermint based on the chemical composition and neurological efficiency. Although the predominant components of peppermint were known as menthol, menthone and menthyl acetate, it reported that peppermint has a little different compositions dependent on the species, the extraction techniques and the cultivated regions of peppermint. In neurological properties, the peppermint has the concentration reinforcement, depression settlement, anxiety relexation, stress relief effect and improving effect of cognition, and etc. In conclusion, we reviewed the benefit clinical neurological efficiency of peppermint, but we need to study other effects of peppermint to applicate more various fields such as food, beverage and cosmetics as healthcare alternatives.