An old riddle asks, what happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable
object? There is no answer, of course, because the apparent paradox is really a matter
of semantics. If there truly were an immovable object, then by definition no force
would be irresistible (and vice versa). And yet, I argue that something approaching
this situation has characterized American literacy instruction for the past half century.
In America, the “immovable object” is the intractable problem of a large percentage of
students who struggle to attain proficiency. The “irresistible forces” are a series of
federal (and other) initiatives designed to solve this problem, and in doing so bring the
struggling population of young readers up to the standards required for successful
careers. For my part, I have been directly involved in many of these initiatives, and,
together with my colleagues, I have long endeavored to keep my finger on the pulse
of how these efforts have fared. The result has been five successive editions of a
book called Issues and trends in literacy education.