The purpose of this study was to investigate childcare teacher's role perception and role performance within seven sub-roles of childcare teacher. Specifically, the present study examined the differences between role perception and role performance of childcare teachers and analysed the difference in role perception and role performance as teacher's demographic and career related variables. Two hundred and thirty-four childcare teachers were issued with a questionnaire addressing the childcare teacher's roles. The results indicated that teachers regarded a role of everyday practitioner as the most important role of childcare teacher. Second, overall the teachers reported higher score in role perception than role performance. Third, there were differences in role perception and role performance according to the educational level, university major, class children's age, and/or the type of childcare center. These results may provide specific guidelines for childcare teachers to improve their ability as a teacher.