Among the northern nations that had an influence on the history of Korea, Mongolia is the only one whose identity still remains clear. The Yuan dynasty didn\'t exist for long but the traces of cultural exchange between the Yuan dynasty and Koryo can be easily found. Many students, howver, do not know where Mongolia is and whether it is an independent country or one of the autonomous regions belonging to China. The reason for the students\' ignorance about Mongolia stems from the descriptions of Mongolia in history textbooks. The present is inseparable from the history of the past but in our history textbooks, Mongolia has been described as if it only existed in the 13th century and simply vanished. It is perhaps because the 120 years of Yuan intervention in Koryo is regarded as a humilation as bad as the Japanese colonial occupation. Such a notion is reflected in the history textbooks and makes an objective approach to the reality of Mongolia difficult. The Yuan dynasty was a large and powerful empire that expanded its power even to Europe; but, in Korean history textbooks, it is described as nothing more than one of the northern nations that economically exploited and politically interfered in Koryo. The authors of the textbooks focus on the people\'s and the Sambyulcho\'s resistance during the Yuan invasion without explaining properly the cause of the invasion or the situation of Koryo in that period. In this paper, the problems of Mongolia-related descriptions in the history textbooks are addressed by analysing the features of descriptions of Mongolia and the intent of the writers of the history textbooks ranging from the first history text book published after the restoration of independence from Japan to textbooks currently used in secondary schools. Suggestions are made regarding how the history textbook should be written to better the relationship between Korea and Mongolia.