Nowadays education that has been largely depended on modem enlightening ideas are challenged by postmodernism. Education has been sustained with notions of reasonable subject, development of reason, understanding the world, freedom of individuals, and progress of society etc., and these notions are modem enlightening ideas. If modem enlightening ideas were abandoned, modem educational ideas would be abandoned or changed radically. In this study, I tried to articulate modem ideas immanent in education, to dicuss difficulties of J F. Lyotard’s criticism to modem ideas. Lyotard seriously critized modem ideas related to knowledge and education, but there are some dificulties in his critism. In his “Post modem Condition”, Lyotard tried to bring down modem ideas by taking advantage of Wittgenstein’s theory of language games. But his discourse has pursued paralogy and dissent, as the result, it has been drifted without an aim. Education is essintially enlightening. One of its essential aims is development of reason or pursuit of truth. And also it is difficult to imagine that education does not pursue freedon of individuals and progress of society. “Modem Project” in terms of J Habermas need to be reconstructed. It will be possible that it does not by means of abandoning rationality, but finding things be needed in addition to rationality, and combining harmoniously these and rationality.