Whether it is the view of sage becoming described in Yang‐ming(陽
明)'s 『Chuanxilu(傳習錄)』or that in Toegye's 『Ten diagrams on sage
learning(聖學十圖)』, the central matter is the problem of how to be a
sage, how a man can be a sage. What matters for them was not the
image of sage but the sage learning that are the method, passage and
means to be a sage. This is what is common in the view of sage
becoming of both Toegye and Yang‐ming.
Following is the difference between them. As for Toegye, it is elitelike
view of sage becoming that the method, passage and means to be
a sage is complicated and intricate to bear morality and knowledge,
while for Yang‐ming, it is common view of sage becoming that
belongs to the realm of moral practice with the simple and temporal
method, passage and means to be a sage. The most important mission
of Toegye was to educate politicians to make sage on the premise of
developing the moral awareness of elite figures. On the other hand, that
of Yang‐ming was to enlighten common people to make sage on the
premise of developing the moral awareness of general public. This was
different selection two persons decided facing different tasks of the age,
that are administration and reign.
In conclusion, Toegye emphasized the study of sage and Yangming,
the will of sage. Contrary to Yang‐ming who attached
importance to the theory of practice and the awareness of Liangzhi(良
知), Toegye's 'Ten diagrams on sage learning' was the complete unity of
Confucian theory of knowledge, theory of morality and theory of
practice. Furthermore, Yang‐ming's view of sage becoming was
Renxue(仁學) and Xinzhixue(心志學) having instancy and reality that
was Confucian sage learning being commonized. From the political
standpoint, Yang‐ming's view of sage was that of equality with moral
practice and Toegye's view of sage was elite‐like view of sage with
moral knowledge.