The picture which children draw is based on the innocence. This thesis is for studying the relation between the cognitive ability(L.Q., School Works) and fine art under the suggestion whether the innocence has realtion to learning and then gives influence to cognitive ability. Especially the purpose of this thesis also includes the analysis of the formula that child who has the excellent cognitive ability has also excellent ability of expression. For this study, from August 1984 to March 1985, 1012 pictures have been recollected from 1200 children living in seoul, kangreung, Samchuk of Kangwon Province. The reason of selecting seoul and small cities as the subject of this study is for studying how the cultural difference between areas has an effect on the aspect of expression. The subject of this study is kindergarten child and second, fourth and sixth grade of elementary school. They are divided as high, middle and low group according to intelligence or scholastic achievement. The pictures in three groups are appreciated relatively in the point of subject, side or composition, ability describing object, color and whole impression. As the result of the research, in Seoul and small cities, middle group consisting of small cities children is proved to have excellent expression. As a whole, from the viewpoint of subject and ability describing object, children who have the excellent cognitive and perceptive ability also are proved to have excellent ability of expression. But from the viewpoint of color and whole impression, it turns out that the perceptive ability absolutely doesn’t give influence to expression activity. It turns out that in the higher grade the perception doesn’t give great influence to the ability of expression. On the other side, in Kindergarten child and the lower grade of elementary school, the perceptive ability and ability of expression have the close relationship. Therefore, this research tells that the cognitive ability through perception gives influence on the plane plastic ability in the aspect of subject, ability describing object and composition, but in the aspect of color and whole impression doesn’t give influence greatly.