면담자의 라포 형성 형태, 소요 시간 및 아동의 평소 불안 수준이 사건 기억에 미치는 영향

이승진; 곽금주

서지반출

국문초록

본 연구는 아동의 회상 보고 정확성에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다양한 요인들 중에서 면담자의 라 포 형성 형태와 라포 형성 소요 시간을 달리하여 면담의 구조적 특성이 연령에 따른 아동의 자 발적 보고와 암시적 정보에 대한 저항 정도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 4-9세 아동 148명이 라포 형성의 형태(개방형 vs. 직접형)와 라포 형성 소요 시간(short vs. long)에 따라 무선 할당되었다. 연구 결과, 모든 연령에서 개방형 라포 형성 조건에서 직접형 조건에 비 해 아동의 자발적 보고, 즉 자유 회상적 보고가 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 개방형 라포 형 성 조건의 아동들이 암시적 질문에 대한 저항도 더 높은 수준으로 보여주었다. 한편 라포 형성 에 소요한 시간 변수가 아동 기억에 미치는 유의한 영향은 없었다. 그러나 라포 형성 소요시간 은 아동의 평소 불안 상태에 따른 상호 작용 효과가 나타났다. 즉, 평소 불안 상태가 높은 아동 들은 긴 라포 형성 조건에 비해 짧은 라포 형성 조건에서 면담자가 제공하는 암시적 정보에 대 한 순응 정도가 매우 높게 났다. 이와 달리 평소 불안 상태가 낮은 아동들은 라포 형성 소요시 간에 따라 오정보의 반응에 차이가 나타나지는 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 진술 조사 맥락에서 피해 아동의 평소 불안 수준을 고려한 차별화된 라포 구축의 필요성과 그 의의에 대해 논의 하였다.

영문초록

Two external factors and one internal factor were explored in association with children’s responses to general probes about their previous experiences. Particularly, this study sought to test to what extent (a) the questioning style and length in the rapport-building session and (b) the level of children’s general anxiety were linked with the accuracy of children’s recall across ages. A total of 148 children aged from 4 to 9 years interacted with researcher during an event and were interviewed about the target event by another researcher. The results suggested that more accurate information in the child’s voluntary responses was associated with an open style rapport-building condition regardless of the children’s ages. More interestingly, the accuracy of children’s free recall differed as a function of a length of the rapport-building and the level of children’s general anxiety level; that is, children who were evaluated as comparatively more anxious than other children who were evaluated as rather less anxious recalled information in greater detail in a long rapport-building condition. Ultimately, this study identified a number of significant variables affecting how children report an experience and especially, the findings are marked for more anxious children in general who are in special need of support and for whom a long and open style rapport-building with the interviewer might be more important.

키워드

라포 형성 형태 라포 형성 소요 시간 불안 아동 기억 아동 진술 rapport-building style rapport-building duration anxiety children’s memory children’s testimony

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