청소년기는 발달과정상 부모에 대한 의존욕구와 함께 현실을 파악하고 독자적으로 대처해 나가려는 독립심이 공존하는 시기이며 자아정체감(ego-identity)의 형성과 더불어 심리적 분리(psychological separation)의 시작을 들 수 있다(한혜준, 1994). 아동기 직후의 청소년들은 부모의 과도한 영향력으로부터 벗어나 생활에서의 모든 판단과 결정을 스스로 하려고 한다. 이는 아동기를 벗어나 청소년기에 이르면 부모에 대한 심리적 의존에서 벗어나 독립적으로 판단하고 사고하려는 독립심의 발로라고 할 수 있다. 청소년기는 유아의 심리적 분리와 유사한 과정을 경험한다. 그러므로 이 과정이 성공적인가에 따라 건강하게 발달하므로 심리적으로 건강하게 발달하기 위해서는 청소년은 심리적으로 독립을 해야 한다. 심리적 독립의 필요성은 그 자체로서 중요할 뿐만 아니라 다른 발달과제의 성취와 밀접한 관계가 있기 때문에 더 중요하다. 청소년들이 부모로부터 독립을 성취하지 못한다면 성숙한 이성 관계, 확신 있는 직업의 선택, 자아 정체감 등의 확립을 기대하기 어렵다(정은희, 1993).
In this research, correlation between parents\' rearing attitude perceived by middle- school children and psychological independence has been studied. For the study, 502 students in the 7th and 8th grades in a middle-school (coed) located in the city of Busan were surveyed. The results from the study are as following: First, the parent\'s rearing attitude perceived by the children has a meaningful difference regarding different sexes. The daughters showed more positive perception than the sons, and furthermore they showed more positive perception toward their mothers than fathers. Second, their psychological independence also has a meaningful difference regarding different sexes. The sons showed higher independence than the daughters, especially in the emotional and attitudinal independences. Also, the sons showed higher independence from their mothers compared to from their fathers. Third, the parent\'s rearing attitude perceived by the children and the psychological independence showed a meaningful correlation. In the correlation between the parent\'s rearing attitude perceived by the children and the psychological independence, emotional independence, attitudinal independence, and functional independence showed negative correlations, while conflictive correlation showed a positive correlation. Fourth, the sub-variables of the parent\'s rearing attitude perceived by the children showed a significant influence on the psychological independence. The factor most influential on the psychological independence as a whole was shown to be the level of the mothers\' affection. Functional independence, which is a sub-variable of the psychological independence, was shown to be most influenced by the level of mothers\' affection, followed by the level of fathers\' autonomy. Fifth, the types of the parent\'s rearing attitude perceived by the children showed meaningful differences on the psychological independence. The levels of the autonomy and the achievement in the case of the fathers, and the levels of the affection and the autonomy in the case of the mothers\', were shown to have influences on the psychological independence of their children
1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 Ⅲ. 연구 방법 Ⅳ. 연구 결과 Ⅴ. 논 의 Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 참 고 문 헌 Abstract
