This study was designed to investigate children's goal orientation according to the goal orientation and parenting behavior of their parents. For these ends, 512 pairs of 10 to 11-years-olds and their parents were surveyed using a questionnaire focusing on the goal orientation of both parents and child as well as parenting behavior. The main results of the study are as follows. There was a correlation between the learning goals of both parents and their children. That is, when parents' leaning goals were relatively high, children's learning goals were similarly higher and when parents' performance goals were higher, both their children's learning and performance goals were also similarly higher. Second, parents with high learning goals revealed themselves to be relatively autonomous and high achievers in their child-rearing behaviors, and parents with high performance goals exhibited more controlling and non-achieving child-rearing behavior. Third, the children of parents who exhibited controlling parenting behaviors had similarly high levels in terms of their performance goal and the children of parents exhibiting high achieving parenting behaviors had high levels in terms of performance goal. Lastly, our path analysis confirmed that parents' learning goal is correlated with their children's learning goal and this is mediated by their achieving child-rearing behavior. Our current study provides a basic body of data concerning what beliefs and attitudes parents should hold and exhibit when rearing children so that children may, in turn, develop stronger motivations in regards to their own levels of achievement.