In 1947, Korea s Twelvemonth Folk tale was published in Vienna, Austria, by Han Hung Soo just before he returned to North Korea, giving up his stable teaching position in the country. According to the preface, he wrote this book for his European friends who wanted to know more about Korea. What he was trying to say was that Koreans were peace-loving people who valued filial piety and fidelity, loved their hometowns, wanted to help the weak and be fair, and inhabitants of a single-race nation speaking a single language.
Han called memories of the folk tale and seasonal customs he had heard from his grandmother as a child to realize his publishing purpose. But his code was socialistic nationalism in which the seasonal customs and related folk tales go through a kind of cultural translation. As a result, the memory is transformed and the story is adapted. The story of Seodong turns into a story of the unification of Silla(新羅) and Baekje(百濟) against the invasion of the Japanese, in the process of shaping the image of the Korean people who defeated the enemy and its numerous external invasion attempts through sacrifice and unity. To shape the national image that values fidelity, the character of China s Gaejachu(介子推) becomes a Silla loyalist, the legend of crape myrtle becomes the story of his fiancée who died to maintain chastity, and the Prince Maeui(麻衣太子) and Princess Nakrang(樂浪公主) meet with the red bean porridge only once a year. To build a national image of peace, the legend of Nakhwaam(落花岩) is transformed into a story of peaceful Baekje people being violated by uncivilized nomads from the north, and the sound of a bell the pheasant strikes is replaced by the good news of the coming of the New Year and the repayment of their debts.
Han’s rewriting and cultural translation of the story were intended to show Europeans, who had experienced World War II, a positive image of Koreans, who had just attained freedom from Japan s colonialism. At the same time, Han also projected his nationalistic ideal for the new Korea, and tried to return to his homeland to serve in building a new Joseon (Korea).