[Objective] In religion, there are several common characteristics such as the conquest of egocentrism, interconnectedness, coexistence of difference and equality, non-violence, relativization of secular political authority, forgiveness and reconciliation, etc. Such viewpoints should be situated as the most important in religious education in Japan. In this article, I would like to clarify these characteristics through Choe Je-u’s “Re-creation”and Shinran’s ‘Amida’ Directing of Virtue for Our Return to This World,’ because there is an awakening of divine immanence by God/Buddha’s calling and subjectivism through awakening both in Choe Je-u and in Shinran. Their concepts are most suitable to overcome ego-centrism and to attain subjectivism that are the basis of activating religious education.
[Contents] The modern nation state, expelling the ideological pillars sustained by the church, had become absolute in itself. Thus, the Catholic Church had lost its socio-political power and the role of Christianity had been restricted only to one’s inner life isolated from our outer world. In such a political situation, religion could not play an important role to emancipate people both mentally and socially, because there exists no way to go beyond oneself both mentally and socially through religious awakening. Here we can see the start of De-Religionization. Japanese modernization is the same as European one. The political power that would construct a nation state, expelling Buddhism, held up the “Tenno’s absoluteness” so as to obtain the absoluteness of the new state. The religiosity of the modern imperial system was typically realized in the combination of “Emperor’s absolute divine right” with “the unity of church and state.” State Shintoism means the religious systematization of the Imperial System and it reigned over all religions in Japan.
[Conclusions] Consequently, it was prohibited to teach religions in school education and, in place of it, Japanese History mingled with myths, morals subordinating people to the Emperor, and rituals held at school to glorify the Emperor were forced on the students. After World War Ⅱ, the Imperial System and Shintoism was abolished. However, it is not easy to teach religion, because the Fundamentals of Education Act prohibits national and public schools to practice religious education for the specific religion and religious activities in the curriculum. It might be difficult for teachers to practice religious education without mentioning the thinking of a specific religion. But it might be possible to teach the characteristics common to all religions and the role of peace building in our socio-political lives, which would be compatible with the forbidden clause of practicing sectarian education. The Fundamentals of Education Act does not aim at the total ban of religious education, but support the necessities of generous mind of religions and respect of social position of religions.