Foreword 
Part Ⅰ: Introduction to the workshop 1
1. Background 3
2. Objectives of the project 4
3. Scope and dimension 4
4. Limitations 5

Part Ⅱ: Summary of comparison discussed at the workshop 7
1. Commonality and differences of open learning systems 9
2. Exemplary practices for open learning systems 12
3. Obstacles to open learning practices 17

Part Ⅲ: Country reports presented at the workshop 19
1. Canada 21
2. Republic of Korea 51
3. Malaysia 94
4. Singapore 114
5. China 154
6. Japan 189
7. United States of America 202
8. Chinese Taipei 227

Annexes 235
1. Agenda 237
2. List of workshop participants 239