The purpose of this thesis is to study Leibniz's interest in the 64 hexagrams of the I ching. It was Bouvet who first identified the hexagrams of the I ching with the binary numbers. Before it, Leibniz explained to Bouvet the principles of his binary arithmetic in his letter of 15 February 1701. Bouvet immediately recognized the relationship between the hexagrams and the binary numbers and he announced his discovery in a letter written in Peking on 4 November 1701. With this letter he sent to Leibniz a woodcut diagram of the Fu-Hsi arrangement of the hexagrams, which provides the key to the analogy. Leibniz readily accepted the identification of the hexagrams with his binary numbers. He had no reason to doubt the antiquity of the Fu-Hsi arrangement that Bouvet had sent him. Leibniz believed that Fu-Hsi, the most ancient prince and philosopher of the Chinese, had understood the origin of things from unity and nothing, i.e., his mysterious figures reveal something of an analogy to Creation. Leibniz believed that his binary system presents an instance of how God created the world out of the units of 0(nothing) and 1(God). Leibniz deduced from the identification of the hexagrams with his binary numbers that Fu-Hsi had knowledge of the science of combinations which the later Chinese had lost. It seemed clear to Leibniz that the ancient Chinese surpassed the moderns not only in piety but also in science.