The specific purposes of this study were (1) to clarify meaning and concept of the authority and rights of teaching profession, (2) to develop a questionnaire to be able to measure the esteeming senses about the authority and rights of teaching profession of teachers, and (3) to make the differences clear between the expectation level and the real one of the esteeming senses about that of tea¬chers and their reference group, through analyzing it multilaterally with the questionnaire. The questionnaire developed by the writer was administered to a sample of 2,926 teachers and professors of Primary, secondary schools and universities(this number falls under one percent of the total). The data collected were analyzed by the procedures proposed in SPSS, and the statistical methods used were X, SD. F. and t-test. The results were as follows: (1) It was found that the general expectation level of teachers about the authority and rights of teaching profession was very high, especially the level of teachers about themselves was the highest, and the level about students, parents of students, principals and upper institutions was common, but. that about clerical staff was the lowest. In the real level of that, the students, teachers and principals showed somewhat higher, but the parents, upper institutions and clerical staff showed lower them aveage. (2) With regard to the whole expectation level of that according to the kind of schools, elementary school teachers showed the highest, and the next was middle school teacher, professors, and high school teachers, in the ordernamed. In the real level of that, the professors showed the lowest, and the next was high school teachers, elementary school teachers, in the order named. (3) In the expectation level of that according to school establishment, there was no difference between in public schools and in private ones, but in the real level of that, the teachers of national and public schools showed higher than those of private ones. (4) In the whole expectation level of that according to sex, the female teachers showed somewhat higher than the male ones, and in the real level, both were below the everage. (5) In locality of schools, the expectation level showed no difference in locality, but in the real level, teachers of urban schools were lower than those of rural ones.